System for distillation.



J. m. w; KITCHEN. SYSTEM FOR DISTILLATION.

1,008,273 APPLIOATIOK FILED MAY 20, 1907. NOV. 7,

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I I Inventor: MW A/M m w by fi wLmaem, I

J. M. W. KITCHEN. SYSTEM FOB. DISTILLATION.

APPLIOATIONTILED MAY 20, 1907.

Patented Nov. 7, 1911.

J. M. W, KITCHEN. SYSTEM FOR DISTILLATION.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 20,- 1907.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

entar:

Patented Nov 3,1911.

J. M. W. KITCHEN.

SYSTEM FOR DISTILLATiQN. APPLIUATION FILED MAY 20, 1907.

Patented Nov. 7,1911.

Attest:

To all whom it may concern;

UNIT-ED STATES PATENT, curios.

' JOSEPH MOSES was!) KITCHEN, or EAST ORANGE, NEWJERSEY.

SYSTEM FOR DISTILLATION.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented NOV. 7, 1911.

Application flled'may 20, 1907. ierlallq'o. 374,654.

gases produced in .the distilling process; to reduce the cost ofrepairs; to economize 1n the amount of land occupied by the distillingplant; to utilize to the fullest extent the value of the fixed gasesnecessarily produced in the distilling process through the combinedapplication oi'xtlieforce of the explosion of the gas and the heatgenerated by the explosion of the gas; and to utilize-regeneratively theheat carried from the stills by the variousdistillates.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 representsa vertical sideelevational view of a system containing my invention, it being partly insection and aving parts broken away. Fi 2 is an elevational view'of thereverse si e of the' system shown in Fig. 1,

, parts bein brokenaway and parts being in section. ig. 3 is a plan viewof the same system, partly in section, on the line 33 Fig. 1, and.partsbeing broken away. Fig.

4 is a vertical elevation of the same system,

partly in' section on; the line-44 Fig. 1, and arts being brokenawayuFig. ,5 is a detail sectional view of an automatic heat regulator drawnon alarger scale. Fig. 6 is a front view of the regulator shown in Thereference characters represent the Same parts in all the figures, andindicate asfollows-z 5 v A is an air heating eco'nomizer.

A are air tubes;

A is'an outlet for water of condensation.

' B are compression itanks.

Bis a safety valve. 7 C 1s acombustion chamber.-

G 'is the wall of the building amusing Q the system.

.' C is the roof of the building.

C, C, and G are heat diluting and gas 7 admixing compartments.

e object of the invention, which is of D is a device for admitting airfor reducing the temperature of hot gases.

D is an automatic device for further regulatingthe temperature of gases.A 1 D are emergency dampers for the exit of hot gases.

D are gasapertures or passages.

* D isan air slide.

gases. ous one; to prevent the incrustation of coke T in the stills; toreduce the amount of fixed grate air forcombustion.

' bustion.

D' -is a handle for actuating the slide D". E is an internal combustionengine.

E is a discharge pipe for exhaust engine F is an engine for pumpingwater. F is a force pump.

G is a grate.

Gr are air twyers for introducing under- G 'are over-fire apertures forair for itomare conduits forvolatilized va ors.

I is a condenser for the first distillate. I is a condenser for thesecond distillate. I is a condenser for a third distillate.

J is an economizer for cooling tarry resi- 30 due and for producingsteam.

L- is "a rotary blower. .L are warm air condults. 'L? is a conduit forcompressed air.

3' is'a tar. conduit. K is a waste gas stack. K is a chimney flue.

L is a damper for controlling over-fire air introduction.

. L is a damper for controlling the intro- 90 ,duction of air underneaththe grate G.

M indicates a fan motor.

: M is an induction fan for inducing a draft.

are connecting and ;inter-communicating oil pi es.

N are eating pipes. N" are headers. O is an oil tank.

A O -isapip'e for'conveying" oil to thestill S.

O is an automatic, valve. O3 is anoil supply pipe.

is a P p r Qmpressingst am"5 .1 5. "mniifimyiv 'f. ,i.

Q are air diluting. Passages 'fOr ad unct control of gas temperatures. ta v Q are air apertures. Q? are slides for the air diluter Q. R is ashaft. f f I R is a spiral thermostat. v

M is a rotary pump for pumping crude oil. I Y

R is a motor arm. i

R is an anti-friction wheel. R is a lid.

R is a counter-weight.

R is a hinge shaft.

R is a handle for actuating the emergency dampers D S is the primarystill for producing naphtha products. r

S is a secondary still.

S is the third still.

S are intermediate gas passages.

T is a tar cleaning tank.

T are explosion and vapor outlets.

U is a steam main.

U is a waste steam conduit.

U are outlets from the steam main.

U are the steam conduits leading from the condensers and the economizerJ.

V is a water pipe. I

V is a by-pass pipe forwarmed water.

W represents masonry walls.

X are distillate outlets.

Y is acoal car.

Z is an overflow pipe for tar residue.

The principles applied to this distilling system are: first: to secure arelatively perfect and complete combustion of the fuel.

used. Second: to dilute the heat of the gaseous products of combustionwith air after combustion has been perfected, for reducing thetemperature of the gases efiecting the distilling process to a point(say about 700 degrees ,F.) that will prevent the formation of cokeincrustations in the stills.

Third: to apply the heat thus diluted or reduced to the oilprogressively, gradually losing the heat of the gases to the oil andsurfaces in counter-currents.

progressively heating the oil; the oil and the heating gases bemgbrought appositely in contact with the intermediary heating Fourth: whenapplying the counter-current principle, to

use the'vertical counter-current; the heating draft, mechanicallyproduced, throughout the whole system, from and including the furnace,and extending through all the heating and intermediate gas conveyingcavit es of the system. Seventh: to provide for each stilla separatecondenser, and to ec'onomize the heat of each, distillate by formingsteam in each individual condenser. Eighth: to utilize the steam thusgenerated by produeing it at a low pressure and giving it a strongexpansive pressure through mechani- Looeme cal compression, by'theintense force of gas explosion, and then to use the steam thusmechanically compressed in those places in which it can beadvantageously utilized.

The furnace here shown is designed to use fine coal dust; and is handfired. There are several furnaces in the system, so that the grate whichpertains to either of the furnaces may be cleaned while the other gratesmay continue to burn fuel producing heat enough to keep up a continuousdistillation in the system. Each furnace has a controlled air supply,both above and below the fuel mass. (See dampers L and L which controlthe admission of air through the apertures G and G 'As I economize heatin many ways in this system, I save much of the heat of radiation andsome hydro-carbon vapors, by inclosing the system in a building C}, andby making the roof of this building impervious to the upward exit ofwarm air and volatilized gases; and also by making the roof C of thinmetallic sheeting, much of the suns heat can be transmitted tl'iroughthe roof. Heated air and also ill smelling hydrocarbon vapors that wouldotherwise contaminate the atmosphere of the neighbor hood, are thuscollected and held in the concavity below the roof of the building. Idraw air and hydrocarbon vapors for combustion from an upper level nearthe apex of the roof of the building, through the air conductor U, bymeans of the rotary fan L. I also use the heat of waste steam and ofwater of condensation to heat air for combustion, by drawing air throughthe piping A which runs vertically through the economizer A, into whichwaste steam is introduced at a high level; and in which water ofcondensation collects in the lower part of the economizer. As air isdrawn from below upwardthrough the economizer A, it

is primarily heated in its travel by the water of condensation, and thenis further heated by the exhaust steam in the upper part of theeconomizer. The air thusheated along with the warmed air from the top ofthe building is passed by the fan L through the conduit L to the variousfurnaces. Any superfluity of waste steam that is not condensed in .theeconomizer A is discharged through the pipe U Fig. 3 into the upperpartof the combustion chamber C, helping to dilute the temperature of theheating gases, and adding to the sum total of the heat absorbed in thestills of the system.

Any waste gas from the engine E is also economized in the same way bybeing dis-- charged into the conduit U from the engine E through thepipeE which is broken for clearness. As the gases rise in thecombustionchamber C they arediluted with air through the tubes Diust'before the gases are passed through the apertures D. The

entrance of air through the tubes D is controlled by the'air slide D"actuated by the handle D. In order to prevent too high a temperature inthe heating gases, and also.

to get a proper admixture ofthe gases with air, the superimposedcompartments C, C and C, are provided, and which are divided from eachother by masonry arches or bafiles covered with ashes which preventsdirect upward convection of heat. The gases having to pass through theapertures D" successively from one side of the compartments to theother, the gases and air are well admixed before they. reach the topof'the still S To obviate any oversight on the part of the attendants,the automatic temperature regulator or thermostat D is provided (seeFig. 5). By means of the spiral R the shaft R is rotated by increases oftemperature, and if the temperature becomes too high the arm R pushesthe Wheel R against the lid R allowing cool air to enter the compartmentC. The lid R is hinged on the shaft R, and each lid has a counter weightIt". Slight pressure is all that is necessary for the action of thespiral R to open the lids and allow cool air to enter. As a furtherprevention from overheating the oil in the battery of stills in thesystem, I provide the emergency "dampers D at the top of thecompartment. C. These can be manipulated by hand, and if the temperatureof the gases is too'high, the gases can find exit through the aperturescontrolled by thedampers D at the top of the compartment C.

The induced draft acting through the system is effected by the inductionfan M actuated by the steam turbine-motor M;

The induction fan M draws the gases through the system and through thechimney flue K and expels them through the gas stack K. There are twosuch fans and stacks for the system. I use, for a further control of thetemperature acting on each still of the battery after the gases'havepassed the still S air introduced through the passages Q and airapertures Q which are controlled by the slides Q The air coming from theheating cavity of one still can thus have its temperature reduced ifnecessary in its travel upward through an intermediate space betweeneach \still and before being applied to the next still of the battery.The travel of the gases under the influence of the induction fans is asfollows: After passing from the furnace and through the compartments C",G and C,they pass into the cavity containing the still S at the.

top of the cavity, and pass down to the bottom of that cavity; thenupthrough an intermediate gas passage S into the top of the cavitycontaining the still S and downward through that cavity, and soon untilthey have passed through all the stilLcavities in the system, and arefinally expelled I of combustion in the furnaces proportionately to theextent of the heating surface provided in the battery of stills, all theheat generated in the furnaces or introduced above the furnaces, can beutilized by having it absorbed into the oil in the travel of dividedcurrents of the oil through the several stills in contra-current to thetravel of the heating ases.

I utilize t e heat of the several distillates driven off from theseveral stills, by carrying each distillate through a separ'atecondenser. I is the condenser for the still S, I is the condenser forthe still S and I is the condenser for the still S Cold water forcondensing is forced by the pump F actuated by the engine F through thewatermain V into the bottom of each condenser and also into the bottomof the economizer J which cools the residual tarry product overflowingfrom the still S through the pipe Z. There are valved connections Vconnecting the several condensers, and the tar cooler J ,so arrangedthat some of the warmed water in any condenser may be conve ed to thenext one. Inasmuch as the distil ate carrying 0d heat from eachsuccessive still carries a greater amount of heat than that from thepreceding still, it is evident that water of a pro ressively increasingtemperature will con ense distillates of progressively increasedtemperatures. The vapor of each distillate is introduced at the top ofthe special condenser provided for it and passes downward throughvertically l disposed piping in contra-current to the condensing waterthat travels upward in each condenser, which water is gradually heatedin its upward travel; and before arriving at the top begins to emitsteam. The resid- E. This engine uses as fuel the fixed gases that areproduced in the system. Previously this fixed gas has usuallybeen burnedunder the stills; but I first utilize its explosive force to exhaust thesteamfrom the condensers and the economizer U, and to mechanically givegreat pressure to the steam and then use the heat of the explosion as anad unct means of heatingthe stills. The

mechanically compressed steam is forced into the storage tank B under ahigh working pressure, from which tank it may be further treatment inthe production of lubricating oils and paraflin.

The drawings here presented indicate the application of my invention tothe primary distillation of crude oil only; but the same principles maybe applied to further processes in connection with the treatment ofpetroleum oils in securing their purification from sulfur compounds, andin other distilling and refining processes. This method of distillationcan also be used in connection with'the treatment of products other thanpetroleum oils.

What I claim as new is:

' 1. in a distilling system, the combination of (l) a plurality orbattery of stills, (2) a furnace for producing heating gases for saidstills, (3) means for reducing the heating gases to a temperature thatwill not cause coke incrustation in said stills, and (4) means for themechanical induction of a draft through said battery or plurality ofstills and said furnace, said draft drawing heating gases through saidfurnace and progressively through said battery of stills and over theheating surfaces of said stills to and for delivering said gases intothe waste stack of said system.

2. In a distilling system, the combination.

of a battery of stills, (2) a furnace for generating heating gases forthe direct heating of said stills with saidgases, (3) means for inducinga draft through said system, first through said furnace and then drawingthe gases generated in said furnace successively over each of the stillsin said system, said batteryiof stills being arranged between saidfurnace and said induction means, said stills being located separatelyin individual heating cavities and comprising vertically disposed tubingconnecting at the top and communicating with a chamber head for thedisengagement of distilled vapors, and connected at the bottom withmeans for'conveying oil into said vertically disposed tubing, (4:) anoil reservoir for supplying oil continuously to said stills, (5) pipingfor the conveyance of oil, connecting said reservoir with the still ofsaid system requiring the application of the least heat, and providingfor the flow of said oil from said reservoir tothe bottom of said lastnamed still, said piping providing for conveying an overflow from thetop of each still to the bottom of another still and thus on in seriesthrough all the stills of said system, and (6) means for regulating thedegree of heat applied to each still and for progressively losing heatto each still from the gases generated insaid furnace, for securingsuccessive fractionates from the several stills of the system. i

3. In a distilling system, the combination with a plurality or series ofstills, of (l) a furnace for producing heat for heating the stills ofsaid systcm with the hot gases generated in said furnace, (2) means forconveying said heat to said plurality of stills and for losing said heatin the travel of the heating gases through absorption of said heat indecreasing amounts to each successive still, each of said stillsproviding heating surfaces for the fractional volatilization of aseparate distillate from each still, condensers for each still,comprising means for producing steam from the condensation of thedistillates passed, into each offsaid' condensers, and (4) means forconveying the steam produced in all of said condensers to a place foruse in said system.

4. in a distilling system, the combination with a still producing oildistillates and fixed gases, of (1) an internal combustion engine forgenerating power from the fixed gases produced in said system, (2) apump actuated by said internal combustion engine for the mechanicalcompression of the steam generated insaid system, (3) means forproducing from the condensation of dis tillates and conveying steam tosaid pump and for utilizing said steam after it has been mechanicallycompressed by said pump in the motors connected with said system and forcombustion processes and heating in saidsystem, l) means for conservingthe waste heat of said engine'in heating air for combustion and inimproving the combustion process for heat generation and for heatapplication to said still, and (5) means for collecting and conveying tosaid engine for explosive use in said engine the fixed gases produced insaid still.

5. In a distilling system, the combination with a heating furnace and abattery of stills, of (1) means for producing steam from distillates,(2) an economizer, said economlzer being constructed and disposed toreceive exhaust shsam or superfluous steam in the upper levels of saideconomizer, and for holding a body of water of condensation in the lowerpart of said economizcr, and having vertically disposed tubes forconveying air through said tubes in an upward travel, first through saidwater of condensation, and secondthrough said steam, and for 6. meansfor conveying .any superfiuity of steam from said economizer into thecombustion chamber of said furnace.

6. In a distilling system, the combination with the stills of saidsystem of (1 a furnace comprising a combustion cham er, (2)

contracted orifices or apertures for the mission of gaseous productsfrom said chamber, r (3) air inlets for conveying cold air and admixingsaid cold air with hot aseous products of combustion at or about w erethe gaseous products leave said chamber, (4) means for controlling theadmission of .air thus introduced, said means being mechanically andautomatically actuated, (5) other means for controlling the temperatureof the gases apsystem,

plied in said system, after primary application of said heat, (6) meansfor diverting and entirely preventing the contact of too hot gases withthe heating surfaces of said (7) means for controlling the amount ofheat desirable to be applied to each of the stills comprised in saidsystem,

and 8) said stills.

7. n a distilling apparatus, the combina- 3 tion of (1) means fordeveloping heating gases for distilling, (2) means for reducing thetemperature of the heating gases generated after their production, to atemperature that will not cause coke incrustation in the stills of saidapparatus before a plying said heat to the surface of a still, (3 abattery of stills, (4) means for app yin the diluted heat successivelyto the units 0 said battery of stills with the application of a lesseneddegree of heat to each successive still,

and (5) means located between each still and its successor forcontrolling the temperature applied to each successive still.

8. In a distilling system, the combinationof (1) a furnace forgenerating heating gases for heating a battery of stills, (2) saidattery of stills, (3) means for inducing a draft through Silld furnaceand over the heating surfaces of the stills of said battery, (4-) meansfor securing a proper temperature in the heating gases generated in saidfurnace before said gases have contact with said battery of stills toprevent the formation of coke incrustations in said stills and for theapplication of appropriate degrees exhaust steam and water ofcondensation and for using said warmed air economically in combustionprocesses and heating in said system, (8) means for utilizing the heatof radiation in said system for securing economy in combustion in saidfurnace, and (9) means for securing a continuous supply of oil to saidstills and a continuous dlstillation of said oil in said system. a

9. In a distilling system, the combination of a furnace, a still, and adraft inducer, said still having means for passing heating gasesfromsaid furnace in a current from the top to the bottom of said still andfor passing a fluid for distillation from a low level to a high level insaid still in counter-current to the travel Tof the gases through saidstill, said draft inducer being for the creation of an induced draftthrough said furnace and over the heating surfaces of said still byinducing a plunging draft over the heating surfaces of said still.

10. In a distilling system, the combination of (1) a plurallty of stillsfor the sucresidue from said tank at a low lever,

means in said tank for conveying water .therethrough from a low level toa high level in counter-current to the flow of tarry residue throughsaid tank and for forming steam by the conveyance of the heat of saidtarry residue to said water, and (4) means for uniting said steam withother steam formed in said system and for conveying said steam to placefor use in said system, said tank being separate and apart from thecondensers of said system.

11. In a distilling system, the combina tion of a battery of stillscomprising means for the repeated distillation of a distillablesubstance and for the successive creation of distillates ofprogressively increasing specific gravities, (2) a battery of condensersproviding a separate condenser for each of the stills in said battery ofstills,

said condensers being constructed and disposed to receive vaporizeddistillates at a high level of said condensers and for conveying saidvapors in -a downward travel through said condensers and for conveyingthe condensed vapors -out through a low level exit of said condensers,means for drawing partially warmedwater from a relatively high level ofone condenser and for forcing said water into the bottom of thecondenser next in the series of said bat-' tery of condensers, forcondensing a distiland having exits for the emission of steam at or nearthe top of said condenser, and (4) means for uniting the steam formed inall of said condensers and for conveying said steam to a place of use.

12. In a distilling system the combination of (1) an oil still forrefining oil, (2) means comprising a furnace and com bustion chamber foreffecting a substantially complete combustion of fuel for heating saidstill, said means also comprising means for air feeding the fuel.through and above the fuel mass, (3) means for reducing the temperatureof the hot gaseous products of combustion after the combustion of thegases, but before said gases have contact with the heating surfaces ofsaid still, to a degree that will not cause burning of the oil andconsequent incrustation with coke from the burned oil in said still, ofthe surfaces of said still, said last named means being separate andapart from the air feeding means effecting combustion, and (4) means forapplying the reduced heat of the gases to said still.

13. In a distilling system, the combination of (1) a still fordistilling and refining oil, (2) a furnace comprising a combustionchamber for generating hot gaseous products of combustion for heatingsaid still, and (8) means for automatically reducin g the temperature ofthe gaseous products of combustion to a temperature desirable to beapplied to said still, said means comprising a mechanism operatingautomatically for admixing cool air with said gaseous products ofcombustion after said gaseous products of combustion are completelyformed, but before the gaseous products of combustion are applied tosaid still, said mechanism comprising means for actuating the mechanismthrough the expansion by heat of parts of said named mechanism.

14. In a distilling system, the combina-' tion of (1) a still, (2) meansfor generating hot gaseous products of combustionfor heating said still,(3) means for automatically mixing cool air with the burned gaseousproducts of combustion from said first mosses 15. The combination of (1)means for generating a combustible gas, (2) means for accurately burningthe gas with a definite amount of air mechanically admixed with the gas,(3) means for accurately diluting the gaseous products of combustionwith a cool gas to secure a temperature in the.

burned gases that when applied to a still for distilling hydro-carbonoils will not carbonize the oils in said still, and (a said still fordistilling the oil, said still being heated by said gases of reducedtemperature.

16. The combination of (1) a still for distilling hydro-carbon oil, saldstill being constructed and disposed for the vertical counter-currenttravelof the heating gases and the oil to be heated, the gases travelingdownwardly over the heating surfaces of the still, and the oil travelingupwardly in the still, (2) a furnace for generating heat. for heatingthe stills, (3) means for securing the complete combustion of the fuelused in said furnace through a posi- .tive. control of the air used inburning said fuel, (5) means for accurately diluting the gaseousproducts of combustion from said' furnace with a cool, gas and forapplying said gas controlled in temperature to said still for heatingsaid still.

17. The combination with a still of .(1) means for generating acombustible gas, (2) means for securing a substantially complete burningof the gas with accurately supplied amounts of air mechanically ad itmixed with the gas, (3) means for accurately and automatically dilutingthe gas eous products of combustion with cool air for controlling thetemperature of the gas applied to said still, and l) means for in ducinga mechanically produced draft of the heating gases controlled intemperature over the heating surfaces of the still.

Signed at New Yorlull. 1C, this 17th day of May 1907.

' JOSEPH MOSES WARD KITCHEN.

Witnesses:

Gno. L. WHEELOCK,

GERTRUDE W. MAII'LING.

